Racism is generally understood as either belief that different racial groups are characterized by intrinsic characteristics or abilities and that some such groups are therefore naturally superior to others, [1][2] or as practices that discriminate against members of particular racial groups,[1] for example by perpetuating unequal access to resources between groups.[3]
The definition of racism is controversial both because there is little scholarly agreement about what the word "race" means, and because there is also little agreement about what does and doesn't constitute discrimination.[4] Some definitions would have it that any assumption that a person's behavior would be influenced by their racial categorization is racist, regardless of how seemingly benign such assumptions might be. Other definitions would only include conscious malignant forms of discrimination.[5] Among the questions about how to define racism are the question of whether to include forms of discrimination that are unintentional, such as making assumptions about preferences or abilities of others based on racial stereotypes, whether to include institutionalized forms of discrimination such as the circulation of racial stereotypes through the media and whether to include the socio-political dynamics of social stratification that sometimes have a racial component
Racism has been a major issue in the United States since 1492, North America was discovered by the Europeans, that life of Indians changed rapidly and dramatically. The most representative is American Indians,
also known as Native Americans and Asian in American racial discrimination. What is racism? "Racism is generally understood as either belief that different racial groups are characterized by intrinsic characteristics or abilities and that some such groups are therefore naturally superior to others, [1]or as practices that discriminate against members of particular racial groups,[2] for example by perpetuating unequal access to resources between groups."
By the this, different races have different beliefs, custom and culture. So those differences may create conflict in daily or social life. In the long run, the contradiction between the races have been deepening and drastic, which special reflected in education and school.
As a international student, my own experience in St. Cloud. Until now almost all international have their specific groups which means we just talk or play with people who from the same country. I still remember when I first came here, I looked forword to make friends with native American no matter black or white. How many events happend change my mind that I don't really think there is no racism in my living environment. I was 18 when I first came to St. Cloud, as same age boy I like sports and play basketball every afternoon. Even I know that my body quality and the American people have a great gap, I still want to play with them. However, one day because of basketball court is full, one white man said that you would better go, baskteball is not Asina people play. This let me deeply aware of that we are discriminated in this country.
1.”CERD Task Force of the US Human Rights Network (2010-08). "From Civil Rights to Human Rights: Implementing US Obligations Under the International Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)". Universial Periodic Review Joint Reports: United States of America. p. 44.
2.Mann, Charles C., 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, Vintage Books, 2006, c.2005, p. 18
Thursday, May 31, 2012
Tuesday, April 24, 2012
Final project
Apple, Inc
Introduction
Apple
Inc., formerly Apple Computer,
Inc., is a multinational corporation that creates consumer electronics, computer
software, and commercial servers. Apple's core product lines are the iPad, iPhone, iPod music player, and Macintosh computer line-up. Founders Steve
Jobs and Steve
Wozniak effectively created Apple
Computer on April 1, 1976, with the
release of the Apple I,
and incorporated the company on January 3, 1977, in Cupertino, California. For more than two decades, Apple Computer was
predominantly a manufacturer of personal computers, including the Apple
II, Macintosh, and Power
Mac lines, but it faced rocky
sales and low market share during the 1990s. Jobs, who had been ousted from the
company in 1985, returned to become Apple's CEO in 1996 after his company NeXT was bought by Apple Inc., and he brought with him a new
corporate philosophy of recognizable products and simple design. With the
introduction of the successful iPod music player in 2001, Apple established itself as a
leader in the consumer electronics industry, dropping "Computer" from
its name. The latest era of phenomenal success for the company has been in the IOS range of products that began with the iPhone, iPod Touch
and now iPad. As of 2011[update], Apple is the largest technology firm in the world, with
annual revenues of more than $60 billion.
Trend Analysis
Peer Analysis
Conclusion
References
Introduction
Apple
Inc., formerly Apple Computer,
Inc., is a multinational corporation that creates consumer electronics, computer
software, and commercial servers. Apple's core product lines are the iPad, iPhone, iPod music player, and Macintosh computer line-up. Founders Steve
Jobs and Steve
Wozniak effectively created Apple
Computer on April 1, 1976, with the
release of the Apple I,
and incorporated the company on January 3, 1977, in Cupertino, California. For more than two decades, Apple Computer was
predominantly a manufacturer of personal computers, including the Apple
II, Macintosh, and Power
Mac lines, but it faced rocky
sales and low market share during the 1990s. Jobs, who had been ousted from the
company in 1985, returned to become Apple's CEO in 1996 after his company NeXT was bought by Apple Inc., and he brought with him a new
corporate philosophy of recognizable products and simple design. With the
introduction of the successful iPod music player in 2001, Apple established itself as a
leader in the consumer electronics industry, dropping "Computer" from
its name. The latest era of phenomenal success for the company has been in the IOS range of products that began with the iPhone, iPod Touch
and now iPad. As of 2011[update], Apple is the largest technology firm in the world, with
annual revenues of more than $60 billion.
Apple is a consumer goods company, and therefore
evaluating its value requires understanding its products and consumers. This
can be very difficult because Apple competes with many different companies
throughout the different industries it takes part in. A good description from Wikipedia describes Apple: "For reasons varying from its
philosophy of comprehensive aesthetic design to its distinctive advertising
campaigns, Apple has established a unique reputation in the consumer
electronics industry." One of the most unique things about Apple is that
it has
a very strong customer base. This is
extremely important in understanding Apple!
Another thing to know about Apple is that a lot of press
is associated with their CEO, Steven P. Jobs. He is seen as the architect of
many of Apple's amazing products, and the reason for their success. His
presentations at Apple's media events
are "electrifying" and revolutionary. Given his superstar image, his
status and health as Apple's CEO ties into how investors value Apple, and for
this reason we must follow him. For instance, earlier in the year there was an inaccurate
report that he sustained a heart attack, and rumors flew through the internet, briefly dropping
Apple's stock price 5%.
Comparing a Steve Jobs presentation to most presentations
is nearly impossible — he’s in a league all his own. In my opinion, Apple chief
executive Steve Jobs is the most charismatic pitchman in business today. His
presentations are brilliant demonstrations of visual storytelling that motivate
customers, employees, investors, and the entire computer industry.
Apple INC Early Developments
The company early in 1971, at the age of 16 Steve jobs and 21 year old Steve Wordsworth, Virginia (two history forever of Steve jobs Cardiff's friend introduced and meet the).
In 1976, success in persuading jobs woz of the machine more and more than assembly to sell, they another friend, ROM Wayne (Ron Wayne) also join, three in April 1, 1976 the company of apple computer. In The same year may, jobs and a local computer store The Byte Shop negotiation, officials say if The computer assembled perfectly will be interested. The shopkeeper Paul tyreal (Paul Terrell) be much more long term, he'd like to order 50 department, and on delivery to pay $500 each. Steve jobs made this an order, in order to raise money and sell their various valuable things to fundraising (like a computer and a mass van). Steve jobs to large electronic components distributor Cramer Electronics order parts, store credit manager asked how a jobs bill, he said: "I have a Byte Shop to book me 50 computers order, payment is to cash on delivery, if you give me 30 days payment, I can in the time limit for the payment of the computer assembly in good, delivery to terry then later paid account." The manager was at the Pacific Ocean at the IEEE computer at the conference tyrael query, surprised at the tough jobs, tyreal confirmation of order to the manager said that if the delivery to his words jobs, jobs must have enough money to pay. Their three people and two friends family car borrow jobs all day and night to assembly room and marathon test, and finally, on deadline to tyrael delivery, tyreal as had promised pay jobs, make him pay the components of the bill, and make a substantial amount of use to celebrate and from a venture capital to testing field for. Highest market value
This was later named Apple I computer have several significant characteristics. When most computer doesn't have the monitor, Apple I but to TV as a display. Contrast the display of the later, Apple I display function can only slowly that 60 words per second. In addition, the host of the ROM includes guide (Bootstrap) code, which make it easier to start. Finally, in Paul terry's insistence, also designed a woz for loading and storage procedures with the cassette tapes of interfaces to 1200 m bit/SEC speed high-speed operation. Although Apple I design is quite simple, but it still is a masterpiece, and the host than other parts need less won the masters of design woz reputation. Finally Apple I were produced 200 department. Steve jobs has died in 2011. After this, woz has successfully designed more advanced than Apple I the Apple II. Steve jobs wants to expand and the company will be to the bank, but Wayne for four years ago to the risk investment failure psychological shadow and quit. At the time, the lack of capital source apple computer. Steve jobs finally meet Michael horse khoja (" Mike "Markkula), Michael khoja horse inject $92000 and jobs and signed the $250000 bank loan, in January 1977, apple computer company was registered as' apple computer Co., LTD". Had the money and new design scheme in hand, in April, Apple II of the West bank in the first Computer exhibition (West Coast Computer Fair) available for the first time. Apple II and Apple I biggest difference including the redesigned TV interface, which shows that it is integrated into the memory, this more than help show that simple words, including images, even have a color display. And there is a improved shell and keyboard. Apple II in the computer world is widely known as creates the market product family computer, in the 1980 s has sold millions of department. Apple II family produce a lot of different models, including Apple IIe and IIgs, the new computer until the end of the 1990 s in many school can still be found. When apple market in 1980, when, they attract capital than in 1956 after ford listed any initial public offerings of shares of the company (IPO), and any history than we create more millionaires. In five years the company has entered the world company 5,, was the fastest record.
This was later named Apple I computer have several significant characteristics. When most computer doesn't have the monitor, Apple I but to TV as a display. Contrast the display of the later, Apple I display function can only slowly that 60 words per second. In addition, the host of the ROM includes guide (Bootstrap) code, which make it easier to start. Finally, in Paul terry's insistence, also designed a woz for loading and storage procedures with the cassette tapes of interfaces to 1200 m bit/SEC speed high-speed operation. Although Apple I design is quite simple, but it still is a masterpiece, and the host than other parts need less won the masters of design woz reputation. Finally Apple I were produced 200 department. Steve jobs has died in 2011. After this, woz has successfully designed more advanced than Apple I the Apple II. Steve jobs wants to expand and the company will be to the bank, but Wayne for four years ago to the risk investment failure psychological shadow and quit. At the time, the lack of capital source apple computer. Steve jobs finally meet Michael horse khoja (" Mike "Markkula), Michael khoja horse inject $92000 and jobs and signed the $250000 bank loan, in January 1977, apple computer company was registered as' apple computer Co., LTD". Had the money and new design scheme in hand, in April, Apple II of the West bank in the first Computer exhibition (West Coast Computer Fair) available for the first time. Apple II and Apple I biggest difference including the redesigned TV interface, which shows that it is integrated into the memory, this more than help show that simple words, including images, even have a color display. And there is a improved shell and keyboard. Apple II in the computer world is widely known as creates the market product family computer, in the 1980 s has sold millions of department. Apple II family produce a lot of different models, including Apple IIe and IIgs, the new computer until the end of the 1990 s in many school can still be found. When apple market in 1980, when, they attract capital than in 1956 after ford listed any initial public offerings of shares of the company (IPO), and any history than we create more millionaires. In five years the company has entered the world company 5,, was the fastest record.
Apple I
Trend Analysis
I am going to do the 4 ratios analysis based on the
calculations I have done for the past years of the Apple. The reason why I do
it is to make a trend analysis and facilitate comparisons for the Apple Inc.,
in order to highlight the weakness and strengths of it.
First of all, Current ratio which is the ratio focuses on
current assets ad current liabilities. It is belong to the short-term solvency
ratios which are intended to provide information about a firm’s liquidity. So,
they are also called liquidity measures. That is to say, the current ratio is
used to know a firm’s ability to pay its bills over the short run without undue
stress. The current ratio is defined as:
Current ratio = Current asset/Current liabilities
Now let us look how the current ratios have changed over
the past years period for the Apple. From 2006-2009, the current ratios are
respectively 1.014066, 1.743653, 2.871501, 1.015852. According to the numbers,
we can know that the current ratio in 2008 is the highest. So, is it best? I
would like to say-Not necessarily. The reason is that, to a firm, a high
current ratio indicates liquidity, but it also may indicate an inefficient use
of cash and other short-term assets. However, for a healthy firm, the current
ratio is usually higher than one. But,
as a short-time creditor, 2008 is the best year. Because for them, the higher
of the current ratio, the better.
After the Short-term solvency, let’s see one of the
long-term solvency measures-TIE ratios. TIE ratios which is named the times
interest earned ratio which is an common measure of long-term solvency in order
to measures how well a company has its interest obligations covered, and it is
often called the interest coverage ratio. And it is defined as:
Times Interest earned ratio = EBIT/Interest
So, let us see the
numbers, from 2006-2009, the TIE ratios are 1.774243, 2.590618, 1.098983,
-2.10732. From all of these numbers, we can tell that the company was doing a
lost. At 2009, the IIE was unexpectedly a negative number. It shapely decreased
compared with the last pasted three years. However, there is a problem with the
IIE ratios which is that is based on EBIT, which is not really a measure of
cash available to pay interest. So, it is necessarily means the company did a
real lost during 2009. It just shows the trend for the company was going down.
We next turn our attention to the efficiency of how the
company uses its assets. So, we are going to move to the Inventory turnover
which can be formula as:
Inventory turnover = Cost of goods sold / Inventory
The inventory turnover which is one kind of asset
utilization ratios that are intended to describe how efficiently, or
intensively, a firm uses its assets to generate sales. And then let us use the
numbers to analysis, form 2006-2009, the numbers of the Inventory turnover are
respectively: 1.486978, 1.523671, 1.49713, and 1.263395. We can find the
numbers are almost keep in a constantly lever. So, it can reflect that the
company managed its assets steady during those years. But, I have to say, as
long as the company is not running out of stock, the higher this ratio is, the
more efficiently it is managing inventory.
At last, we are going to look at one of the profitability
measures-Profit Margin. It is used to measure how efficiently the firm uses its
assets and how efficiently the firm manages its operations. It can be defined
as:
Profit margin = Net income/Sales
From 2006-2009, the profit margin are 0.03999, 0.025891,
0.00199, -0.16195, the company was committing an obviously lost. The profit
margin was decreasing year by year. So, normally, a relatively high profit
margin is good.
Peer Analysis
As
we all know, the competitors are around anywhere and anytime for any field of
Business. According to http://finance.yahoo.com/q/co?s=AAPL , Apple also has some direct competitors. Such as,
Google Inc., Hewlett-Packard Company and so on. And then, I am going to compare
some recently data of finance ratios between Apple Inc. and Google based on the
website of www.reuters.com.
Below is the recently data of some finance ratios for the two companies:
Apple Google
Current ratio: 1.58 5.63
Total debt -equity: 0 7.67
Inventory turnover:
70.53 20.3
Profit margin: 20.95 26.78
Price-sale ratio: 3.22 5.39
According to the data, it is not hard for us to find,
there is a huge difference between these two companies. Google has a much higher current ratio than
Apple, as I mentioned before, it may indicate liquidity or an inefficient use
of cash and other short-term assets.
However, from the Total-debt to equity, we can see Google has a way more
long-term debt than Apple. Moreover, the Inventory turnover ratio of Apple is
much higher than the Google’s, which means, Apple did much better than Google
in managing the inventory or asset. The Profit margin and Price-sales ratio are
almost similar.
Conclusion
Based on the most recently date of some financial ratios,
it obviously shows Apple Inc. is doing a great job at this time and age compare
with its directly competitor-Google Inc.
Even though the trend analysis shows, during the past few years, was not
so good.
References
New outline and topic
For last topic I pick, I was serch most of sources were wirten by Chinese and Chinese words, which is hard to translate. So I decide to swtich a new interesting topic.
The new tpoic is about how Apple company speed of development. The story about Steven Paul Jobs.
The reason why I pick this topic is more and more people use apple's product, computer, Mp3, ipad, itouch, and most popular one iphone. I my country most would choose a iphone and ipad, especially yong people. It become in popular goods in people's life.
In my paper I will find the data and detials about Apple Inc, in addition, I will focus more on trend analysis.
Introduction:
Body:
initial stage:
How the Apple inc build in 1971. What Steven Paul Jobs working?
Trend analysis:
I am going to do the 4 ratios analysis based on the
calculations I have done for the past years of the Apple. The reason why I do
it is to make a trend analysis and facilitate comparisons for the Apple Inc.,
in order to highlight the weakness and strengths of it.
Peer analysis:
The competitors are
around anywhere and anytime for any field of Business.
The new tpoic is about how Apple company speed of development. The story about Steven Paul Jobs.
The reason why I pick this topic is more and more people use apple's product, computer, Mp3, ipad, itouch, and most popular one iphone. I my country most would choose a iphone and ipad, especially yong people. It become in popular goods in people's life.
In my paper I will find the data and detials about Apple Inc, in addition, I will focus more on trend analysis.
Introduction:
Apple
Inc., formerly Apple Computer,
Inc., is a multinational corporation that creates consumer electronics, computer
software, and commercial servers. Apple's core product lines are the iPad, iPhone, iPod music player, and Macintosh computer line-up. Founders Steve
Jobs and Steve
Wozniak effectively created Apple
Computer on April 1, 1976, with the
release of the Apple I,
and incorporated the company on January 3, 1977, in Cupertino, California. For more than two decades, Apple Computer was
predominantly a manufacturer of personal computers, including the Apple
II, Macintosh, and Power
Mac lines, but it faced rocky
sales and low market share during the 1990s. Jobs, who had been ousted from the
company in 1985, returned to become Apple's CEO in 1996 after his company NeXT was bought by Apple Inc., and he brought with him a new
corporate philosophy of recognizable products and simple design. With the
introduction of the successful iPod music player in 2001, Apple established itself as a
leader in the consumer electronics industry, dropping "Computer" from
its name. The latest era of phenomenal success for the company has been in the IOS range of products that began with the iPhone, iPod Touch
and now iPad. As of 2011,Apple is the largest technology firm in the world, with
annual revenues of more than $60 billion.
Conclusion
Based on the most recently date of some financial ratios,
it obviously shows Apple Inc. is doing a great job at this time and age compare
with its directly competitor-Google Inc.
Even though the trend analysis shows, during the past few years, was not
so good.
Tuesday, April 17, 2012
Final paper outline
Introduction:
For nowadays, China is one of ITO(international tarde organization) member. Nearly 10 years to China's foreign trade are booming. Form data shows in 1993 the international tarde was take 12% of Chinese GDP, how ever now is more than 28% a year. In addition, sum (volume or amount) of business transactions growing to 50 trillion. So from those big develping and change, I want to say in terms of why Chinese international tarde develp so quick, what the change, and what China's opintion in the future.
Body:
1.Chinese internaional tarde develp so fast cause:
-Join in ITO(international tarde organization)
-GDP goes high
-Productivity developed
2.The changing of Chinese international trade during 10 years.
-The goods we sold out different
-The goods we import change.
-The scientific and technological development
3.Chinese looking to the future.
-Strengthen the exchanges and cooperation with other countries
-Understand what China needs.
-Ensure smooth transaction security
Conclusion:
China now develping so fast that has take one of important part in the world. China ften go to visit a friendly countries, increase cooperation and exchanges. China make much
account of international trade will help more win in the future.
For nowadays, China is one of ITO(international tarde organization) member. Nearly 10 years to China's foreign trade are booming. Form data shows in 1993 the international tarde was take 12% of Chinese GDP, how ever now is more than 28% a year. In addition, sum (volume or amount) of business transactions growing to 50 trillion. So from those big develping and change, I want to say in terms of why Chinese international tarde develp so quick, what the change, and what China's opintion in the future.
Body:
1.Chinese internaional tarde develp so fast cause:
-Join in ITO(international tarde organization)
-GDP goes high
-Productivity developed
2.The changing of Chinese international trade during 10 years.
-The goods we sold out different
-The goods we import change.
-The scientific and technological development
3.Chinese looking to the future.
-Strengthen the exchanges and cooperation with other countries
-Understand what China needs.
-Ensure smooth transaction security
Conclusion:
China now develping so fast that has take one of important part in the world. China ften go to visit a friendly countries, increase cooperation and exchanges. China make much
account of international trade will help more win in the future.
Comparing interview three to two and one
Comparing interview three to two and one
From the first and second interview to the third interview was much different. I feel more comfortable to talk with people, the questions go consistent compare to the first and second. On the other hand, before the interview I have purpose to focus on, which part I will do more, I mean which part of self question I will ask more. According to this preparation, I have a basic objective to search about country report. In addition, for the last interview's country report on the basis of my goal, I want to study how international an American students work or find jobs and how they work going on. I find many student's experience and stories even there are many suffer. I learn about it, which is shows most of American students will work in college, some of them will pay by themselves, some other's family will help them pay half. All in all, they need earn lots of money to pay their daily expend. During the last interview, we talk more 20mints than first and second interview and I feel more confident and free to ask any questions. Base on last interview was going in my room, I was just waiting for my friend coming to my room. She is my ETS classmate and same group with me, coincidently, she live in the same apartment with me. So the process of the last interview was really happy, here don't have any noise and more private.
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