Thursday, May 31, 2012

Racism is generally understood as either belief that different racial groups are characterized by intrinsic characteristics or abilities and that some such groups are therefore naturally superior to others, [1][2] or as practices that discriminate against members of particular racial groups,[1] for example by perpetuating unequal access to resources between groups.[3]
The definition of racism is controversial both because there is little scholarly agreement about what the word "race" means, and because there is also little agreement about what does and doesn't constitute discrimination.[4] Some definitions would have it that any assumption that a person's behavior would be influenced by their racial categorization is racist, regardless of how seemingly benign such assumptions might be. Other definitions would only include conscious malignant forms of discrimination.[5] Among the questions about how to define racism are the question of whether to include forms of discrimination that are unintentional, such as making assumptions about preferences or abilities of others based on racial stereotypes, whether to include institutionalized forms of discrimination such as the circulation of racial stereotypes through the media and whether to include the socio-political dynamics of social stratification that sometimes have a racial component 

    Racism has been a major issue in the United States  since 1492, North America was discovered by the Europeans, that life of Indians changed rapidly and dramatically. The most representative is American Indians, also known as Native Americans and Asian in American racial discrimination. What is racism? "Racism is generally understood as either belief that different racial groups are characterized by intrinsic characteristics or abilities and that some such groups are therefore naturally superior to others, [1]or as practices that discriminate against members of particular racial groups,[2] for example by perpetuating unequal access to resources between groups."
By the this, different races have different beliefs, custom and culture. So those differences may create conflict in daily or social life. In the long run, the contradiction between the races have been deepening and drastic, which special reflected in education and school.

    As a international student, my own experience in St. Cloud. Until now almost all international have their specific groups which means we just talk or play with people who from the same country. I still remember when I first came here, I looked forword to make friends with native American no matter black or white. How many events happend change my mind that I don't really think there is no racism in my  living environment. I was 18 when I first came to St. Cloud, as same age boy I like sports and play basketball every afternoon. Even I know that my body quality and the American people have a great gap, I still want to play with them. However, one day because of basketball court is full, one white man said that you would better go, baskteball is not Asina people play. This let me deeply aware of that we are discriminated in this country.









































1.”CERD Task Force of the US Human Rights Network (2010-08). "From Civil Rights to Human Rights: Implementing US Obligations Under the International Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)". Universial Periodic Review Joint Reports: United States of America. p. 44.
2.Mann, Charles C., 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, Vintage Books, 2006, c.2005, p. 18

Tuesday, April 24, 2012

Final project

                                                Apple, Inc


Introduction


Apple Inc., formerly Apple Computer, Inc., is a multinational corporation that creates consumer electronics, computer software, and commercial servers. Apple's core product lines are the iPad, iPhone, iPod music player, and Macintosh computer line-up. Founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak effectively created Apple Computer on April 1, 1976, with the release of the Apple I, and incorporated the company on January 3, 1977, in Cupertino, California. For more than two decades, Apple Computer was predominantly a manufacturer of personal computers, including the Apple II, Macintosh, and Power Mac lines, but it faced rocky sales and low market share during the 1990s. Jobs, who had been ousted from the company in 1985, returned to become Apple's CEO in 1996 after his company NeXT was bought by Apple Inc., and he brought with him a new corporate philosophy of recognizable products and simple design. With the introduction of the successful iPod music player in 2001, Apple established itself as a leader in the consumer electronics industry, dropping "Computer" from its name. The latest era of phenomenal success for the company has been in the IOS range of products that began with the iPhone, iPod Touch and now iPad. As of 2011[update], Apple is the largest technology firm in the world, with annual revenues of more than $60 billion.



Apple is a consumer goods company, and therefore evaluating its value requires understanding its products and consumers. This can be very difficult because Apple competes with many different companies throughout the different industries it takes part in. A good description from Wikipedia describes Apple: "For reasons varying from its philosophy of comprehensive aesthetic design to its distinctive advertising campaigns, Apple has established a unique reputation in the consumer electronics industry." One of the most unique things about Apple is that it has a very strong customer base. This is extremely important in understanding Apple!

Another thing to know about Apple is that a lot of press is associated with their CEO, Steven P. Jobs. He is seen as the architect of many of Apple's amazing products, and the reason for their success. His presentations at Apple's media events are "electrifying" and revolutionary. Given his superstar image, his status and health as Apple's CEO ties into how investors value Apple, and for this reason we must follow him. For instance, earlier in the year there was an inaccurate report that he sustained a heart attack, and rumors flew through the internet, briefly dropping Apple's stock price 5%.

Comparing a Steve Jobs presentation to most presentations is nearly impossible — he’s in a league all his own. In my opinion, Apple chief executive Steve Jobs is the most charismatic pitchman in business today. His presentations are brilliant demonstrations of visual storytelling that motivate customers, employees, investors, and the entire computer industry.

Apple INC Early Developments

The company early in 1971, at the age of 16 Steve jobs and 21 year old Steve Wordsworth, Virginia (two history forever of Steve jobs Cardiff's friend introduced and meet the).

 In 1976, success in persuading jobs woz of the machine more and more than assembly to sell, they another friend, ROM Wayne (Ron Wayne) also join, three in April 1, 1976 the company of apple computer. In The same year may, jobs and a local computer store The Byte Shop negotiation, officials say if The computer assembled perfectly will be interested. The shopkeeper Paul tyreal (Paul Terrell) be much more long term, he'd like to order 50 department, and on delivery to pay $500 each. Steve jobs made this an order, in order to raise money and sell their various valuable things to fundraising (like a computer and a mass van). Steve jobs to large electronic components distributor Cramer Electronics order parts, store credit manager asked how a jobs bill, he said: "I have a Byte Shop to book me 50 computers order, payment is to cash on delivery, if you give me 30 days payment, I can in the time limit for the payment of the computer assembly in good, delivery to terry then later paid account." The manager was at the Pacific Ocean at the IEEE computer at the conference tyrael query, surprised at the tough jobs, tyreal confirmation of order to the manager said that if the delivery to his words jobs, jobs must have enough money to pay. Their three people and two friends family car borrow jobs all day and night to assembly room and marathon test, and finally, on deadline to tyrael delivery, tyreal as had promised pay jobs, make him pay the components of the bill, and make a substantial amount of use to celebrate and from a venture capital to testing field for. Highest market value
This was later named Apple I computer have several significant characteristics. When most computer doesn't have the monitor, Apple I but to TV as a display. Contrast the display of the later, Apple I display function can only slowly that 60 words per second. In addition, the host of the ROM includes guide (Bootstrap) code, which make it easier to start. Finally, in Paul terry's insistence, also designed a woz for loading and storage procedures with the cassette tapes of interfaces to 1200 m bit/SEC speed high-speed operation. Although Apple I design is quite simple, but it still is a masterpiece, and the host than other parts need less won the masters of design woz reputation. Finally Apple I were produced 200 department. Steve jobs has died in 2011. After this, woz has successfully designed more advanced than Apple I the Apple II. Steve jobs wants to expand and the company will be to the bank, but Wayne for four years ago to the risk investment failure psychological shadow and quit. At the time, the lack of capital source apple computer. Steve jobs finally meet Michael horse khoja (" Mike "Markkula), Michael khoja horse inject $92000 and jobs and signed the $250000 bank loan, in January 1977, apple computer company was registered as' apple computer Co., LTD". Had the money and new design scheme in hand, in April, Apple II of the West bank in the first Computer exhibition (West Coast Computer Fair) available for the first time. Apple II and Apple I biggest difference including the redesigned TV interface, which shows that it is integrated into the memory, this more than help show that simple words, including images, even have a color display. And there is a improved shell and keyboard. Apple II in the computer world is widely known as creates the market product family computer, in the 1980 s has sold millions of department. Apple II family produce a lot of different models, including Apple IIe and IIgs, the new computer until the end of the 1990 s in many school can still be found. When apple market in 1980, when, they attract capital than in 1956 after ford listed any initial public offerings of shares of the company (IPO), and any history than we create more millionaires. In five years the company has entered the world company 5,, was the fastest record.
Apple I

Trend Analysis

First of all, Current ratio which is the ratio focuses on current assets ad current liabilities. It is belong to the short-term solvency ratios which are intended to provide information about a firm’s liquidity. So, they are also called liquidity measures. That is to say, the current ratio is used to know a firm’s ability to pay its bills over the short run without undue stress. The current ratio is defined as:
Current ratio = Current asset/Current liabilities
Now let us look how the current ratios have changed over the past years period for the Apple. From 2006-2009, the current ratios are respectively 1.014066, 1.743653, 2.871501, 1.015852. According to the numbers, we can know that the current ratio in 2008 is the highest. So, is it best? I would like to say-Not necessarily. The reason is that, to a firm, a high current ratio indicates liquidity, but it also may indicate an inefficient use of cash and other short-term assets. However, for a healthy firm, the current ratio is usually higher than one.  But, as a short-time creditor, 2008 is the best year. Because for them, the higher of the current ratio, the better.
After the Short-term solvency, let’s see one of the long-term solvency measures-TIE ratios. TIE ratios which is named the times interest earned ratio which is an common measure of long-term solvency in order to measures how well a company has its interest obligations covered, and it is often called the interest coverage ratio. And it is defined as:
Times Interest earned ratio = EBIT/Interest
 So, let us see the numbers, from 2006-2009, the TIE ratios are 1.774243, 2.590618, 1.098983, -2.10732. From all of these numbers, we can tell that the company was doing a lost. At 2009, the IIE was unexpectedly a negative number. It shapely decreased compared with the last pasted three years. However, there is a problem with the IIE ratios which is that is based on EBIT, which is not really a measure of cash available to pay interest. So, it is necessarily means the company did a real lost during 2009. It just shows the trend for the company was going down.
We next turn our attention to the efficiency of how the company uses its assets. So, we are going to move to the Inventory turnover which can be formula as:
Inventory turnover = Cost of goods sold / Inventory
The inventory turnover which is one kind of asset utilization ratios that are intended to describe how efficiently, or intensively, a firm uses its assets to generate sales. And then let us use the numbers to analysis, form 2006-2009, the numbers of the Inventory turnover are respectively: 1.486978, 1.523671, 1.49713, and 1.263395. We can find the numbers are almost keep in a constantly lever. So, it can reflect that the company managed its assets steady during those years. But, I have to say, as long as the company is not running out of stock, the higher this ratio is, the more efficiently it is managing inventory.
At last, we are going to look at one of the profitability measures-Profit Margin. It is used to measure how efficiently the firm uses its assets and how efficiently the firm manages its operations. It can be defined as:
Profit margin = Net income/Sales
From 2006-2009, the profit margin are 0.03999, 0.025891, 0.00199, -0.16195, the company was committing an obviously lost. The profit margin was decreasing year by year. So, normally, a relatively high profit margin is good.

Peer Analysis


               As we all know, the competitors are around anywhere and anytime for any field of Business. According to http://finance.yahoo.com/q/co?s=AAPL , Apple also has some direct competitors. Such as, Google Inc., Hewlett-Packard Company and so on. And then, I am going to compare some recently data of finance ratios between Apple Inc. and Google based on the website of www.reuters.com. Below is the recently data of some finance ratios for the two companies:
                                      Apple                                                    Google
Current ratio:                    1.58                                                      5.63                   
Total debt -equity:              0                                                        7.67
Inventory turnover:         70.53                                                   20.3
Profit margin:                  20.95                                                     26.78
Price-sale ratio:                3.22                                                      5.39
According to the data, it is not hard for us to find, there is a huge difference between these two companies.  Google has a much higher current ratio than Apple, as I mentioned before, it may indicate liquidity or an inefficient use of cash and other short-term assets.  However, from the Total-debt to equity, we can see Google has a way more long-term debt than Apple. Moreover, the Inventory turnover ratio of Apple is much higher than the Google’s, which means, Apple did much better than Google in managing the inventory or asset. The Profit margin and Price-sales ratio are almost similar.

Conclusion


Based on the most recently date of some financial ratios, it obviously shows Apple Inc. is doing a great job at this time and age compare with its directly competitor-Google Inc.  Even though the trend analysis shows, during the past few years, was not so good.

References











New outline and topic

For last topic I pick, I was serch most of sources were wirten by Chinese and Chinese words, which is hard to translate. So I decide to swtich a new interesting topic.
The new tpoic is about how Apple company speed of development.  The story about Steven Paul Jobs.
The reason why I pick this topic is more and more people use apple's product, computer, Mp3, ipad, itouch, and most popular one iphone. I my country most would choose a iphone and ipad, especially yong people. It become in popular goods in people's life.
In my paper I will find the data and detials about Apple Inc, in addition, I will focus more on trend analysis.


Introduction:



Apple Inc., formerly Apple Computer, Inc., is a multinational corporation that creates consumer electronics, computer software, and commercial servers. Apple's core product lines are the iPad, iPhone, iPod music player, and Macintosh computer line-up. Founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak effectively created Apple Computer on April 1, 1976, with the release of the Apple I, and incorporated the company on January 3, 1977, in Cupertino, California. For more than two decades, Apple Computer was predominantly a manufacturer of personal computers, including the Apple II, Macintosh, and Power Mac lines, but it faced rocky sales and low market share during the 1990s. Jobs, who had been ousted from the company in 1985, returned to become Apple's CEO in 1996 after his company NeXT was bought by Apple Inc., and he brought with him a new corporate philosophy of recognizable products and simple design. With the introduction of the successful iPod music player in 2001, Apple established itself as a leader in the consumer electronics industry, dropping "Computer" from its name. The latest era of phenomenal success for the company has been in the IOS range of products that began with the iPhone, iPod Touch and now iPad. As of 2011,Apple is the largest technology firm in the world, with annual revenues of more than $60 billion.
Body:
initial stage:
 How the Apple inc build in 1971. What Steven Paul Jobs working?


Trend analysis:
I am going to do the 4 ratios analysis based on the calculations I have done for the past years of the Apple. The reason why I do it is to make a trend analysis and facilitate comparisons for the Apple Inc., in order to highlight the weakness and strengths of it.

Peer analysis:
The competitors are around anywhere and anytime for any field of Business.

Conclusion


Based on the most recently date of some financial ratios, it obviously shows Apple Inc. is doing a great job at this time and age compare with its directly competitor-Google Inc.  Even though the trend analysis shows, during the past few years, was not so good.













Tuesday, April 17, 2012

The evidence

 I was talking with Yuewang, Mengyao Ding, Zhongmeizi Li. Three of them.

Final paper outline

Introduction:
                      

  For nowadays, China is one of ITO(international tarde organization) member. Nearly 10 years to China's foreign trade are booming. Form data shows in 1993 the international tarde was take 12% of Chinese GDP, how ever now is more than 28% a year. In addition, sum (volume or amount) of business transactions growing to 50 trillion. So from those big develping and change, I want to say in terms of why Chinese international tarde develp so quick, what the change, and what China's opintion in the future.


Body:
 1.Chinese internaional tarde develp so fast cause:
-Join in ITO(international tarde organization)
-GDP goes high
-Productivity developed

2.The changing of Chinese international trade during 10 years.
-The goods we sold out different
-The goods we import change.
-The scientific and technological development

3.Chinese looking to the future.
-Strengthen the exchanges and cooperation with other countries
-Understand what China needs.
-Ensure smooth transaction security


Conclusion:
           
                      China now develping so fast that has take one of important part in the world. China ften go to visit a friendly countries, increase cooperation and exchanges. China make much
account of international trade will help more win in the future.


Topic

My topic is
 "China international trade"

Comparing interview three to two and one

              

                           Comparing interview three to two and one

 

               From the first and second interview to the third interview was much different. I feel more comfortable to talk with people, the questions go consistent compare to the first and second. On the other hand, before the interview I have purpose to focus on, which part I will do more, I mean which part of self question I will ask more. According to this preparation, I have a basic objective to search about country report. In addition, for the last interview's country report on the basis of my goal, I want to study how international an American students work or find jobs and how they work going on. I find many student's experience and stories even there are many suffer. I learn about it, which is shows most of American students will work in college, some of them will pay by themselves, some other's family will help them pay half. All in all, they need earn lots of money to pay their daily expend.  During the last interview, we talk more 20mints than first and second interview and I feel more confident and free to ask any questions. Base on last interview was going in my room, I was just waiting for my friend coming to my room. She is my ETS classmate and same group with me, coincidently, she live in the same apartment with me. So the process of the last interview was really happy, here don't have any noise and more private.

Tuesday, April 3, 2012

My Third Interview

                                      1.Interview Preparations
  For this last interview I was really think about it. Which country's interviewee I would like to ask. The same country I did before or I should find a new one. So I was start thinking after last class that I can have enough time to invite my friend. Fortunately, my ETS 183 classmate who was my group leader Myreah Tres, she was lived in same apartment here, I can walk to here room like one minute. So I asked here in class, may I interview you for my English 191's assessment? She said yes. And just call here on the weekend, she will come to my room. I was very happy about this. Because I don't meet at public place that people always make much no ice and she feels very convenient to come that I don't need to wait. We plan to meet on Sunday 2:30P.M.
All in all, she is American, so I search more information about America, before the interview.


                 
                                      2.Interview Report


 Also this last interview went very well.  We meet in Sunday afternoon 2:30 P.M in my room. Myreah Moore she is native American, she's home in Chicago and she just go college here in St. Cloud. We are ETS classmate, in addition, we are in the same group, moreover we live in the same apartment, which is so coincidence. We feel free to talk and ask. I went through 11 corn questions and ask little bit more about her. I focus on what she part-time life, what she usually doing or does she have any jobs after class. Because in my country most of college students over 90% do not like to work during student, through they also very hardly to find a job. For a little of them just work in their kinsman's company. So I want know more about how American students work in college. 
 During the interview i asked her 11 corn questions and little more about herself.




                                    3.Country Report
For this country report I want to study how the international students find job, how their work going, what their thinking. I want to study about this.
I am going to find what other Chinese students said which points I need remember and attention.
Looking for a job in the United States required state of mind
Confidence: this thing must have, from class began to come to the United States, you have to believe in yourself, because you can come to the United States, came to a more excellent business school itself shows that you better than others. We Chinese sent he sent in language, no matter how you practice, a whole Chinese oral English is not possible with americans, europeans, and India compared to people. But also don't be discouraged, the za yao intelligence than their strong, speaking must also be bold, the American people can understand your English, so you need to do is daring to speak out your view! You don't look down upon the ", "effective express themselves and communication with others is the most important job you link! To a certain extent than your listening, reading, and writing to important one hundred times. On the other hand, the spoken language is you ensure high level GPA as an important part of the class in the United States, in the discussion is necessary, even some of the lecture is all said, the extent of the said directly determine your score. The Chinese often in this link to eat a lot of above a deficit. Remember, you will think you are strong, strong than others.

  We need to know where the supply of a work.


 The school career service center is preferred, because the school has strong links with the outside world, where the company is introduced by the company in your school, this is why we leave no stone unturned to go to a good school's cause.

Other sites: monster, monstertrack, dootstang, craigslist, yahoo! And so on. The website is the American range, so you can have a variety of advanced search.
There is a important way, is through the people you know pass inside the resume. Americans looking for work 80% are introduced through acquaintances and interview of the find, is very, very important way. So if everyone in the United States had a relationship, it will use all relations help you, this also is the most effective way. Of course if not, will be through the front two ways.



When a job attitude:


1, don't so much trouble, tank. Remember, the Chinese people in the United States only disadvantage no advantage in! So we need to do all we can do is to apply for the job, even if the job of undergraduate students is called, you also want to apply for.


2, must pay attention to followup, the so-called followup, is not in application delivery after resumeandcover gets the job done, if there is a collection of the telephone number of the resume people, must be in 2 days after delivery around call and ask. Or want to send E-mail to ask. Or implement to a point: the American people need to this work is interested, passion, desire, so you must be all the action through consistent like recruitment unit expression.


3, often to the opinion and careerservice consult the improved method. This is important because they are professional, their purpose is to find a job or internship you as soon as possible, so the attitude of the general will be quite good, on demand. Your resume and a coverletter in before, especially the most began to apply for lack of experience, must be taught them. Of course also have exception, some time ago have the Chinese students, she is before graduate from the university of macau, the result was the people there scolded, is rare, content is roughly: you these Chinese, phone call, so late and still find internships, the employment rate of this year we all let you these Chinese screw-ups. Very helpless, because indeed to the last Chinese the majority have not found an intern.


Here we must be aware of is, finding a job is the essence of information!


                                        4.Interview Transcription


         X=xingyi zhang
         T=Mvreah Tres

                  X:hi Mvreah, thank you for coming here

                 T:yeap, it's very close , easy to find


               X:kk, so hows going today, did you down your paper?

            T: Good, thank you, I m done the paper and i need to work after this.


          X:wow, where you gonna to work?

             T:ehm, in across road mall, TGEAT you know.

             X: yeah that nice, I want to work too, but I can't find a job, anyway, are American students just like you, they are have jobs?


            T:ehm, I think we usually do for jobs, cause we need to pay by ourselfs, I remmber you told you guys will pay by your family, that's nice.

           X: yes I think so, how about lets start our interview

              T:sure, yeah

           X:ok I'm gonna ask your 11 questions.

             T:ok

              X:ok, So what could SCSU do to make your stay on campus better?

 T:Well, I think they could have more online classes and more parking lots. And have more opportunities for students to get involved.

X: ok, can you tell a little about other dont really know you?

 T:Umm, most people know me if they with me, I like have friends with me. I m really going.

X: So, what is your favorite food?

 T:Italian food I wanna say. I don’t really have a specific country. I like tender food. French food is really good, too. I like steak. It’s really good.

X:Do you like my country food? I mean Chinese food. It's really good.

 T:Yeah, Chinese is good.

X:what you think about American food? Do you like it?

 T:Umm, In America, food is more convenient. It's fast food. like hot dog, burger. They are very simple. Food in other countries is done better and well.

X: What are the typical greetings in your culture?

 T: Umm, I think people just say ‘hello’, ‘hi’, ‘what’s up’ when they meet.


 X: Yeah.

X:What kind of government is in charge of your home country, how did it affect your life and how has democracy in America been a change?

 T:I think many things in Mozambique just are copied from America. I think democracy in America is charged by government very well.

X: So the people feel free ?

JT Yeah, it’s pretty free. But it is not always free. Like they separate the blacks and whites. X: So do the black people have more rights or the white people have more rights?

 T: I think neither of them deserves more rights.

X: So what different modes of transportation are used in your country?

T: Umm, in America, most people drive cars. South Africans are pretty similar. I like motorcycle.

X: That's nice, I like it too, but i can't drive. Any way it's cool.

 T:Yeah. I mean most people like driving. But it depends. If you live in a big city and the traffic is really bad, you probably not prefer to driving but take buses or subway. Or just go to somewhere on foot.

X: Yeah, I think driving is convenient.

T: Yes, that’s true.

X: So when do you start to school?

T: About 3.

X: Are you under a lot of stress of your study?


T: I think high school was relatively stressful. But before that, I never felt stressed out.


X: So what did you usually do when you were in high school?


T: Usually, in high school I just went to school and I would not do much homework coz I could get away with it so I would still do well on the test.

X: That's good.

T: But in college I would keep up homework much better for the test. In average day, I try to wake up early and take a shower and make breakfast for 1 hour .

X:What religious holidays or other cultural events do you or others celebrate?

 T: We celebrate Christmas. And I think Easter is a pretty big holiday if you are religious, but I am not religious at all. You know Christmas is a big deal in America and people just get presents, especially children. Christmas is a Christian holiday, but I think people not really care if you are a Christian.

X: Do you have any daily rituals in regards to your religious beliefs?

T: I don’t have any rituals during a day


X: Are you religious?


T: No, I am not religious at all.


X: Me either.and can you describe famous sports in your country?

T:The famous sports I should say American football, St. Cloud I thank husket

X: nice, but i never see it. Can you describe a typical day for a child in your country?

T: Kids usually have a lot of free time in here I thought. I wake up in the morning, have breakfast, go to school, after school come home and have dinner with my family, play toys for a while.

X: You don’t have any homework to do?


T: As a child, not really. I was home-school for second, third and forth grade. I don’t think we get that much homework for school.


X: Those kids are so weal. We I think we all done, thank you very much and thanks you for coming.


T:You’re welcome.